DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF DISRUPTION: EQUIPPING STUDENTS WITH DIGITAL ETHICS AND RESILIENCE AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Downloads
The disruptive digital era, saturated with disinformation, poses a significant threat to youth. Existing Digital Citizenship Education (DCE) paradigms appear ill-equipped, prioritizing technical skills over the ethical and psychological competencies required for this complex environment. This study evaluated the efficacy of secondary school DCE in equipping students with two critical competencies: digital ethics and psychological resilience against disinformation. A mixed-methods design triangulated a curriculum document analysis (N=20 schools) with a student competency survey (N=2,000). Qualitative case studies, including teacher interviews and student think-aloud protocols, provided explanatory depth. A critical “affective deficit” was identified: curricula neglect ethics and resilience, mirroring low student competencies. Student protocols revealed disinformation “affectively hijacks” them, bypassing cognitive fact-checking skills, which are applied after emotional capture. Current DCE models are misaligned with the threat, targeting cognitive deficits while ignoring affective vulnerabilities. A pedagogical shift is urgently required toward an integrated framework that uses ethics as the foundation for building psychological resilience.
Abdollahpour Ranjbar, H., Kaynak, S., Almeamari, F., Amayreh, F., Yigit, I., Norcini-Pala, A., & Turan, B. (2026). Development and validation of the microaggression scale for refugees (MSR): Independent contributions of microaggression and experienced stigma to psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 392. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120222
Ajani, O. A., Gamede, B. T., & Govender, S. (2026). Cultural and ethical dimensions of learning management system adoption in rural universities: Exploring data privacy, algorithmic bias, and contextual realities. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(3). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026142
Alber, N. (2026). Exploring the Effects of Artificial Intelligence Application on Banking Soundness Indicators: A Worldwide Evidence. Dalam D. Magdi, E. Karam, M. Mamdouh, & J. Amit (Ed.), Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1339 LNNS (hlm. 285–304). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5013-2_18
Almukharreq, Z., & Sengupta, N. (2026). AI Adoption to Enhance Quality Education for Sustainable Education and Lifelong Learning. Dalam Stud. Big. Data. (Vol. 177, hlm. 511–523). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97609-4_44
Alvarez, I., Silva, N., Arias-Oliva, M., & Dediu, A.-H. (Ed.). (2026). 22nd International Conference on the Ethical and Social Impacts of ICT, ETHICOMP 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 15939 LNCS. Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105019677980&partnerID=40&md5=28239344ba9cf70e53aeb6eb29bb9d30
Anggraheni, S. F., Triyanto, n., & Muchtarom, M. (2026). The development of mobile learning based on augmented reality to strengthen student digital ethics. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(2). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026056
Bagheri, S. (2026). “There Are so Many”—Harms of Smart Homes. Dalam I. Alvarez, N. Silva, M. Arias-Oliva, & A.-H. Dediu (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 15939 LNCS (hlm. 314–325). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_27
Calzati, S. (2026). On the Current (Im) possibility of Achieving Public Value Through the EU’s Digital Strategy: An Ethics Method to Seek a “Collectual” Equilibrium. Dalam I. Alvarez, N. Silva, M. Arias-Oliva, & A.-H. Dediu (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 15939 LNCS (hlm. 48–59). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_5
Cao, X., Huang, Z., Li, M., & He, T. (2026). Teachers’ AI-TPACK as a tangible outcome in the digital transformation of education: A machine learning-based multilevel approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 169. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105270
Cruvinel Júnior, L., Cabeças, A., & Lopes Fernandes, A. (2026). Security and Ethics in the Use of Computing Technologies and the Internet. Dalam I. Alvarez, N. Silva, M. Arias-Oliva, & A.-H. Dediu (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 15939 LNCS (hlm. 385–396). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_33
Cruvinel Júnior, L., Héctor Ascama, O., & Marques da Silva, M. (2026). AI Ethics in Higher Education: A Review of Ethical Challenges. Dalam I. Alvarez, N. Silva, M. Arias-Oliva, & A.-H. Dediu (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 15939 LNCS (hlm. 192–203). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_17
Darin, T., & Carneiro, N. (2026). From Understanding to Intervention: Towards an Agenda for Countering Dark Patterns in Games. Dalam T. Darin, G. Cruz, D. Ricca, K. Rios, & L. Tórtoro (Ed.), Commun. Comput. Info. Sci.: Vol. 2623 CCIS (hlm. 87–101). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01426-9_6
Dela Cruz, C. S., & Dela Cruz, L. S. (2026). Leveraging artificial intelligence for intelligent student support: An AI-enabled SRM framework for higher education. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(3). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026160
García Márquez, F. P., Hameed, A. A., & Jamil, A. (Ed.). (2026a). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Analyzing the Constraints and Aspects of National Sovereignty. Dalam Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1393 LNNS (hlm. 343–357). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90893-4_23
García Márquez, F. P., Hameed, A. A., & Jamil, A. (Ed.). (2026b). The Role of Digital Media in Promoting Social Peace. Dalam Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1393 LNNS (hlm. 1067–1082). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90893-4_72
George, P. A. (2026). Looking at the Interwebs: Exploring the Affordances of Gentrification and Beyond, While Studying Internet Memes in India. Dalam G. Bhutkar, S. Tom, D. Roy, & J. Abdelnour-Nocera (Ed.), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology: Vol. 747 IFIPAICT (hlm. 187–210). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00777-3_12
Gomez-Diago, G. (2026). Proposal for Using Artificial Media for Reinforcing Journalism: Responsibility, Discourse, Deliberation, and Audiences’ Participation. Dalam Springer Ser. Cultural Comput.: Vol. Part F717 (hlm. 199–214). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89037-6_10
Grasso Toro, F., & Frigo, G. (2026). Trustworthy AI Benchmark for Responsible Smart Grid as Critical Infrastructure. Dalam I. Rojas, G. Joya, & A. Catala (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 16009 LNCS (hlm. 620–631). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-02728-3_50
Grimal, L., Di Loreto, I., & Troussier, N. (2026). Permaengineering: A Framework to Think Interactive Tools in Engineering Sustainable Workspaces. Dalam B. R. Barricelli, A. Locoro, S. Valtolina, E. Bouzekri, & T. Mentler (Ed.), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology: Vol. 751 IFIPAICT (hlm. 39–55). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-95334-7_3
Iandolo, F., La Sala, A., Maielli, G., & Vito, P. (2026). The (Un)sustainability of the Metaverse: A topic modeling analysis of social, economic, and environmental impacts. Technology in Society, 84. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103095
Keller, D., & Zagalo, N. (2026). Exploring the Frontiers of Artificial Media. Dalam Springer Ser. Cultural Comput.: Vol. Part F717 (hlm. 1–17). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89037-6_1
Khalid, M. I. (2026). Rethinking Digital Marketing Ethics in the Metaverse: A Framework for Responsible Engagement. Dalam A. Achilleos, S. Forti, G. A. Papadopoulos, & I. Pappas (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 16079 LNCS (hlm. 362–377). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06164-5_26
Khanday, S., & ElNebrisi, E. (2026). Securing the Future: Novel Policy Solutions for Addressing Adversarial Attacks and Disinformation in AI-Powered Systems. Dalam V. Bhateja, M. El Barachi, A. T. Azar, & D. K. Sharma (Ed.), Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1539 LNNS (hlm. 507–514). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-9248-4_38
Matt, D. T., Rauch, E., Dallasega, P., Gualtieri, L., & De Marchi, M. (Ed.). (2026). 4th International Symposium on Industrial Engineering and Automation, ISIEA 2025 and 18th EPIEM Conference, 2025. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1605 LNNS. Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105019522352&partnerID=40&md5=97920e3604129e655c637c00937490fc
Mehta, S., & Kaur, G. (2026). Exploring Copyright in the AI Era: Evaluating Authorship and Ownership of AI-Generated Content with ChatGPT. Dalam A. Bhattacharya, S. Dutta, P. Dutta, & A. Rocha (Ed.), Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1387 LNNS (hlm. 239–247). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6060-5_18
Mollay, M. H., Sharma, D., Anawade, P., Rafique, A. A. A., & Akpabio, E. (2026). Trust in Artificial Intelligence Marketing: How AI-Powered Chatbots and Algorithms Influence Consumer Trust in Automated Systems. Dalam U. P. Rao, I. de la Torre Díez, A. Visconti, & P. R. Chelliah (Ed.), Lect. Notes Electr. Eng.: Vol. 1444 LNEE (hlm. 365–382). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8283-6_24
Padilha, E. K. A., Dos Santos Silva, W. F., Lins, A. A., & Silva-Júnior, E. F. (2025). Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Protein Kinase Inhibitors (PKIs) Targeting Anticancer Activity. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 25(16), 1940–1956. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266340766250124063854
Panicker, R. O., Isaac, J., & Navas, S. S. (2026). Impact of COVID-19 Among College Students Academic, Financial, and Physical Matters: A Quantitative Study. Dalam V. Bhateja, M. El Barachi, A. T. Azar, & D. K. Sharma (Ed.), Lect. Notes Networks Syst.: Vol. 1539 LNNS (hlm. 391–401). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-9248-4_30
Pereira, S., Rebelo, M. E., & Valença, G. (2026). Ensuring Ethics on EdTech Technology: How to Safeguard Children in Digital Environments. Dalam C. Ardito, S. Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, T. Conte, A. Freire, I. Gasparini, P. Palanque, & R. Prates (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 16111 LNCS (hlm. 216–221). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05008-3_41
Pourabdollahian, B., Pero, M. E. P., Eslami, Y., & da Cunha, C. (2026). Serious Game to Promote Manufacturing as a Service Effect in Resilience of Supply Chain. Dalam H. Mizuyama, E. Morinaga, T. Kaihara, T. Nonaka, G. von Cieminski, & D. Romero (Ed.), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology: Vol. 767 IFIPAICT (hlm. 35–49). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-03542-4_3
Radakovi?, D., & Steingartner, W. (2026). Gender and Emerging Digital Technologies in Education. Dalam I. Alvarez, N. Silva, M. Arias-Oliva, & A.-H. Dediu (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 15939 LNCS (hlm. 141–152). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_13
Radi?uks, R., Bula-Biteniece, I., Boobani, B., Vilks, S., & Cešeiko, R. (2026). Digital literacy in school education: A qualitative systematic review. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 9(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026040
Reddy, R., Ravindar, B., & Mateti, J. (2026). Research Mapping in Smart Cities: A Scientometric Study on IOT and AI Applications. Dalam S. L. Gundebommu, L. R. Chintala, & S. R. Kotha (Ed.), Commun. Comput. Info. Sci.: Vol. 2613 CCIS (hlm. 313–324). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00983-8_24
Ribeiro, L. R. B., Dallavalle, S., Kremer, G., & Stark, R. (2026). ReDPT-CT: Designing Responsible Digital Process Twins for Clinical Trials. Dalam M. ER, A. Gal, T. Grisold, F. Santoro, M. Weske, R. M. Dijkman, D. Karastoyanova, B. Aysolmaz, W. Bandara, & K. Revoredo (Ed.), Lect. Notes Bus. Inf. Process.: Vol. 565 LNBIP (hlm. 102–116). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-02936-2_9
Rico-Bautista, D., Coronel-Rojas, L. A., Medina-Cárdenas, Y., Areniz-Arevalo, Y., & Swaminathan, J. (2026). Disruption in Teaching and Learning Through Gamification. Dalam Lect. Notes Networks Syst. (Vol. 1512, hlm. 57–84). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97015-3_4
Sauer, S., Ardito, C., & Bernhaupt, R. (2026). Human-Centered Software Engineering: Balancing Interaction, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Value: IFIP WG 13.2 Workshop at INTERACT 2025. Dalam C. Ardito, S. Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, T. Conte, A. Freire, I. Gasparini, P. Palanque, & R. Prates (Ed.), Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.: Vol. 16111 LNCS (hlm. 377–381). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05008-3_70
Schnabel, M. A., & Batchelor, D. (2026). The Emergence and Implications of Smart Heritage. Dalam Springer Ser. Cultural Comput.: Vol. Part F987 (hlm. 3–23). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91949-7_1
Sonnenschein, S., Stites, M., & Krasniqi, B. (2026). Factors affecting children’s learning during COVID-19. Learning and Individual Differences, 125. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102819
Uygun, E. (2026). Clashing AIs: Artificial Intelligence Literacy and Academic Integrity in an EFL Context. Journal of Academic Ethics, 24(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09676-2
Wang, Q., Guo, L., Luo, L., Li, H., & Liu, L. (2026). Shared and distinct neural signatures in major depressive disorder and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder: Insights from structural and functional imaging. Journal of Affective Disorders, 393. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120414
Copyright (c) 2025 Mokhammad Wahyudin, Ratu Bulkis Ramli, Arisman Sabir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
